Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab hnub ci vaj huam sib luag?

Muaj kwv yees li plaub hom solar cells.

1. Silicon solar cells

Silicon solar cells tau muab faib ua monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon, silicon nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci hlwb thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, cov hnub ci siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no yog silicon hnub ci hlwb, uas tseem tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv loj thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam, nrog rau tus nqi nkag ntawm ntau dua 90%, thiab cov thev naus laus zis siab tshaj plaws rau photoelectric conversion efficiency ntawm monocrystalline silicon solar cells kuj yog cov laus tshaj plaws. Kev hloov pauv siab tshaj plaws hauv chav kuaj yog 24.7%  thiab 16% hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Kev hloov pauv ntawm polysilicon yog 14% -15%. Kev hloov pauv ntawm amorphous silicon yog 12%. Silicon film conversion tus nqi ntawm 9%. Lub ntsiab raw khoom ntawm silicon hnub ci hlwb yog silicon, silicon yog ib tug nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, yuav luag txhua qhov chaw muaj silicon, tuaj yeem hais tau tias yog inexhaustible, nrog silicon los ua cov hnub ci hnub ci, cov khoom siv raw tuaj yeem piav qhia tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus. Crystalline silicon roj teeb hloov pauv tau siab, cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj, yog cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm cov roj teeb, tab sis qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm crystalline silicon roj teeb tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.

Crystalline silicon series roj teeb muaj ib qho teeb meem ntawm "peb siab thiab ib qho ntxiv". Tus nqi siab, kev siv hluav taws xob siab, muaj kuab paug siab, ntau yam khoom siv thiab lwm yam tsis zoo. Kev tsim cov silicon xav kom lub pob zeb tau rhuab mus rau lub xeev ua kua thiab ces rhuab mus rau ib tug gaseous crystal. Nws hlawv ntau cov roj fossil thiab emits cov pa roj silicon tetrachloride, uas yog corrosive rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tom qab pickling, siv lead ua rub, txiav, cov khoom tiav thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, ntau cov chains muaj. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav yog siab dhau. Lub zog siv los ua ib lub hnub ci cell yuav xav tau tib lub zog tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci cell rau ntau xyoo. Lub sij hawm rov qab tus nqi yog ntev heev.

2. Multi-compound nyias zaj duab xis solar cells

Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nyias nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci feem ntau suav nrog gallium arsenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfide thiab tooj liab indium selenide nyias zaj duab xis (CIGS) hlwb.

Cadmium sulfide thiab cadmium telluride polycrystalline nyias zaj duab xis hlwb muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li amorphous silicon nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci hlwb thiab tus nqi qis dua monocrystalline silicon cells  thiab yooj yim rau cov khoom loj, tab sis cadmium yog cov tshuaj lom heev thiab yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig yog li ntawd tsis yog. qhov zoo tshaj plaws hloov rau crystalline silicon solar cells.

Kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm gallium arsenide  roj teeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag 28% GaAs cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab kev nqus dej siab, muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv irradiation, thiab tsis rhiab rau cov cua sov  tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov roj teeb zoo ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv GaAs tsis pheej yig, yog li txwv tsis pub siv GaAs mus rau qhov loj, tooj liab indium selenium zaj duab xis roj teeb  CIGS yog tsim rau photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab, tus nqi hloov dua siab tshiab txog li 15%, qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tsim. cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 13%, tus nqi qis, haum rau kev tsim khoom loj. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim yuav dhau los ua ib qho kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov hnub ci hnub ci yav tom ntej.

3. Organic polymer inorganic khoom roj teeb

Organic polymer inorganic cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog pib los ua kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci. Vim muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo, kev tsim khoom yooj yim, cov khoom siv dav thiab cov nqi qis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv lub hnub ci loj thiab muab hluav taws xob pheej yig. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb rau hauv hom hnub ci cell no nyuam qhuav pib. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tsim kho rau hauv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb  tseem yuav tau kawm ntxiv thiab tshawb nrhiav.

4. Nanocrystalline hnub ci hlwb

Nano TiO2 siv lead ua chemical zog hnub ci hlwb tau tsim tshiab  qhov zoo nyob hauv nws cov nqi pheej yig, txheej txheem yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Nws cov photoelectric efficiency yog ruaj khov ntawm ntau tshaj 10%  tus nqi tsim khoom tsuas yog 1/5 ntawm silicon hnub ci cell 1/10 lub neej tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau tshaj 20 xyoo. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj teeb li no nyuam qhuav pib  yuav maj mam los ntawm kev ua lag luam nyob rau yav tom ntej.